Family and the Sociological Theories Essay Example for Free

Family and the Sociological Theories Essay Since time immemorial, men have been petrified by sociology. The most basic definition of sociology is the study of human social behavior and grouping (Alexander, 1982). Sociology largely focuses on social relationships and the ramifications of these relationships on peoples’ behavior. There have been numerous attempts to understand and explain seemingly challenging situations in a society. These attempts constitute the various sociological theories which are geared towards giving explanations to the various phenomena in the society (Alexander, 1982). It is within the scope of this study to highlight on the impact of the sociological theories on the family institution. Introduction Sociological theories are sets of statements that endeavor to offer explanations to problems, phenomena, or human behavior (Alexander, 1982). Normally these theories are both explanatory and are versed with the ability to predict predictive on some occurrences in society. Essentially such a theory can assist in seeing the synergy among seemingly remote social phenomena (Turner, 2006). The family is the basic social institution and everyone belongs to one. The behaviors of the various family members in one family may be petrifying. There are various explanations of the various behaviors and phenomena in the family offered by the three sociological theories (Turner, 2006). The impacts of these behaviors as explained by the sociological theories are quite interesting and will be studied in this study. The sociological theories in mind are the functionalism, conflict, and interactionism theories. The events of the various members in the family can be sufficiently summarized by the explanations offered by these theories. It is from these events that the characteristics and roles of the various family members are based. This study will highlight the particular impact of each of theses theories on the family institution. Methodology Various relevant literary materials featuring research done on the subject of sociology and sociological theories are studied keenly in bid to reveal on the explanation of sociology and social behavior through the sociological theories. The data gathered and analyzed in the study is carefully studied to shed some light on the interesting history in the impact of the various theories on the occurrences witnessed in the family institution. The studies did not leave behind information which highlighted on the impact of these theories on the behaviors of individual family members and how they interact. The results are collected from these secondary sources, analyzed and presented using the trendiest of modern scientific methods. The interplay between the various sociological theories as they impact the family institution will be highlighted in the discussion part of this study. The conclusion part of the study will involve a recap of the issue of sociology and the sociological theories and the synergy between them. Literature Review Alexander (1982) portrays sociology as a very intricate area to comprehend as it has always being perceived by man. Sociology is perceived in the three major sociological theories. These theories postulate that the occurrences in the society can be summarized by the functionalism, conflict, and interactionism theories. Taking the case of the family institution, for instance, behaviors of the various family members and the phenomena in the family can be fully explained by the various sociological theories. According to the functionalism theory, the family is an anthology of interdependent parts which have a penchant toward a common goal. In the same institution there are functional necessities that must be met for it to survive (Alexander, 1982). The occurrence of some peculiar phenomena is for the purpose of serving a required function in the family (Turner, 1988). In this theory, society is likened to a living organism because both are made up of interdependent parts and systems which function in harmony for the overall functioning of the larger body. Most literary materials concur that each member of the family is pivotal in the ultimate of the successful family union. There are a number of criticisms of functionalism theory presented by some materials. There are several materials which view this theory as indistinct and lacking in sufficient methods. Despite the fact that there are a number of there a couple of materials offering criticism, this theory stands steadfast in explaining the phenomena (Turner, 1988). The conflict social theory contends that individuals and groups in a given society have various amounts of resources and that the more affluent social classes and individuals use their power to take advantage of groups with less power (Turner, 2006). This exploitation is largely through economics or by force. It is this disparity in the society which catalyses social disorder. In the family scenario, the theory is portrayed in the ensuing conflicts within the family members and its serves to offer explanation that this conflict is as a consequence of social conflicts in the family institution. There are a couple of materials which portray the family institution as revolving around the conflict perspective of sociology. In fact the essence of formation of the family is more often than not a function of the couples’ rebellion from the larger parent family (Turner, 2006). Interactionism is a sociological perspective in which human beings are surrounded by meaningful objects and symbols. These meaningful symbols include material things, events, fellow people, associations, and even plain symbols. These symbols are revered as superb and important in human communication. They carry with them common social meaning that is naturally understood and adored by all members of a society (Alexander, 1982). The case of the family presents such a situation where the members of the families are driven by the symbols known and respected by all in that family. The fact that the family as a social institution is made in the interactionism perspective makes the unit stronger and unwavering. For instance the children look up at the prowess of the parents and this fortifies the bond between them. Research Findings In summary the study revealed the following: first it was found that the various human behavior and phenomena are fully explained through the three major sociological theories (Alexander, 1982). In the family institution, functionalism theory is quite rife. It is the same theory which provides the essence of the various family members to continue being in the institution. Every member of the family is supposed to play some very vital role in the attainment of the common good of the family (Turner, 1988). The family life and phenomena is explained further by the social conflict theory. According to this theory the occurrences and events witnessed in the family are primarily caused by the struggles against conflicts in that family. This clearly defines the reserved feelings of each of the members of the family towards each other. Then there is the al important interactionism theory which defines largely the in built feelings of each family member. It is regarded that the family members have grounds of commonality which they look up to. Each one of the family members is deemed to be conversant with these unwritten laws governing the family. They al work and behave in manners likely to suggest that they are aiming at the same goals (Turner, 2006). Research Discussion This study has done tremendous work to highlight on the intriguing issue of unraveling the cause for sociology. In the family institution, the theory of functionalism makes the family come up together in the first place (Alexander, 1982). At some age one feels that they need to have the responsibilities expected of him in the family by marrying. Those who attempt to alter the norm of the duo in the institution by adopting the single parent euphoria at the end of the day find it quite difficult. This follows the coming up of children since the society expects that. The parents look at the children as very important now and in their future old age. The children depend on the parents largely for basic and other needs. This realization makes the two groups stay in harmony since they need each other (Alexander, 1982). According to the social conflict theory, the family comes up in the first place owing to the need of the couple to move away from shared resources (Turner, 1988). They start their own home and live happily. This perspective explains the trend in divorce and such other attempts of reversing the union. They are a consequence of the conflicts in the family. The conflicts between the children and parents define sour relations where the children in this case are said to be unruly and rebellious (Alexander, 1982). The society sees such groups as erroneous without knowing the epicenter of the situation. Interactionism explains a great deal the respect parents command from their children. These children perceive their parents as symbols of success and therefore form a liking for them. Â  This perspective also explains the parents’ initiatives of introducing the children to healthy social ethics and institutions like the church and school. It is from these places where the children will learn to be responsible by heeding those generally accepted symbols (Turner, 2006). Conclusions From the discussion in the study, the behaviors of members of the society are best explained by the sociological theories (Alexander, 1982). Therefore, it is in order to conclude the family institution is largely dependent on the perspectives of sociological theory. These theories clearly and sufficiently explain the occurrences and the behavior of the various members of the family. The failure of each member to participate in the expected duty is quite consequential in determining the satisfaction level derived from the institution (Turner, 1988). References Alexander J. (1982). Theoretical logic in sociology. Abingdon Oxford: Taylor Francis. Turner J. (1988). A theory of social interaction. Palo Alto, California: Stanford University Press. Turner J. (2006). Handbook of Sociological Theory. New York: Springer.

PESTLE Analysis of Qatar

PESTLE Analysis of Qatar (P)OLITICS Qatar has an emirate -type government. Qatar claims that it is developing into a constitutional monarchy but it doesnt allow political parties nor hold elections on a national level yet.Suffrage is currently limited to municipal elections (for both males and females aged 18 years or more). Expatriate residents are excluded, as are the vast number of residents who are prevented from applying for citizenship. The elected Municipal Council has no executive powers but may offer advice to the Minister. Qatar is divided into ten municipalities,also occasionally or rarely translated as governorates or provinces: Ad Dawhah Al Ghuwariyah Al Jumaliyah Al Khawr Al Wakrah Ar Rayyan Jariyan al Batnah Ash Shamal Umm Salal Mesaieed Since 2004, Qatar has been divided into eight municipalities. A new municipality, Al Daayen, was created under Resolution No. 13 formed from parts of Umm Salal and Al Khawr; at the same time, Al Ghuwariyah was merged with Al Khawr; Al Jumaliyah was merged with Ar Rayyan; and Jarayan al Batnah was split between Ar Rayyan and Al Wakrah. (E)CONOMY Basic Economic Facts GDP: US$71.2 billion (2007 est, Qatar Statistic Authority) GDP per capita: US$74,000 Annual Growth: 14.2% Inflation: 13.73% Major Industries: Petrochemicals, Financial Services, Construction Major trading partners: Japan, US, UK, Singapore, South Korea, Italy, Germany, UAE, France, Saudi Arabia Exchange rate: Â £1 = QR 5.97 (October 2009) US$1 = QR 3.64 (fixed) AVERAGE OIL PRODUCTION Global economy expected to grow 3.9% in 2010, emerging economies to expand 6.0%.US economy registered 5.6% growth in Q4 2009, fastest since third quarter of 2003.Global composite PMI indicates continued expansion of manufacturing and services industry activity. Qatars real GDP is expected to expand by 18.1% in 2010 Continued government support and increased hydrocarbon revenues to boost the economy.Central Banks net reserves estimated at US$ 19.3 bn (2009), up from US$ 9.8 bn in 2008. Business optimism in the non hydrocarbon sector has stabilized in last two quarters.Drop in selling price optimism becomes a drag on the hydrocarbon sector outlook. Global construction sector currently driven by infrastructure spending as commercial property undergoes correction.Demand outlook for Qatars construction sector shows signs of improvement with increasing optimism on new orders.Profitability levels are expected to stay muted due to higher raw material costs.While income from oil, currently pr oduced at around 800,000 barrels per day, accounts for most of the governments revenue, Qatars future economy will depend increasingly on gas. Qatar has invested heavily in world class Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) facilities including a deep-water port at Ras Laffan to exploit the North Dome gas field. This field is the worlds largest non-associated gas field, holding 14-16% of world reserves. At current planned rates of extraction the field will last for over two hundred years. Qatar is already the leading global supplier of LNG and output is expected to increase to 77 million tonnes per year by 2012. There are two national gas companies, Qatargas and RasGas. Through the South Hook LNG terminal in Wales, Qatar is capable of supplying up to 20% of the UKs gas needs. Government efforts to diversify the economy have led to the establishment of petrochemical, oil-refining, and fertiliser industries, as well as the establishment of Qatar Airways, the Qatar Science and Technology Park and the growth of Doha as a regional conference centre. Qatar pursues a vigorous program of Qatarization, under which all joint venture industries and government departments strive to move Qatari nationals into positions of greater authority. Growing numbers of foreign-educated Qataris, including many educated in the U.S., are returning home to assume key positions formerly occupied by expatriates. In order to control the influx of expatriate workers, Qatar has tightened the administration of its foreign manpower programs over the past several years. Security is the principal basis for Qatars strict entry and immigration rules and regulations. (S)OCIAL Nationality: Noun and adjectiveQatari(s). Population (May 2008 est.): 1,448,446; males 1,096,815 (75.7%); females 351,630 (24.3%). Population growth rate (May 2008 est.): 59.6%. Ethnic groups: Qatari (Arab) 20%; other Arab 20%; Indian 20%; Filipino 10%; Nepali 13%; Pakistani 7%; Sri Lankan 5%; other 5%. Religion: Islam (state religion, claimed by virtually all of the indigenous population). Languages: Arabic (official); English (widely spoken). Education: Compulsoryages 6-16. Attendance98%. Literacy (2004 est.)89% total population, 89.1% male, 88.6% female. Health (2007 est.): Infant mortality rate17.46/1,000 live births. Life expectancy74.14 years. Work force (2006): 508,000. Private sector61.2%; mixed sector28.5%; government5.6%. Public health services and education are provided free by the state through the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, which also provides help to orphans, widows, and other Qatari nationals in need of assistance.Both law and Islamic customs closely restrict the activities of Qatari women, who are largely limited to roles within the home. Women are not allowed to obtain a drivers license without the permission of her husband. Shariah law governs inheritance and child custody matters and favors men. However, growing numbers of woman are receiving government scholarships to study abroad, and some women work in education, medicine, and the media. Women comprise two-thirds of the student body at Qatar University. Although domestic violence occurs, it is not a widespread problem. Non-Muslims and Shia Muslims experience discrimination in employment and education. They are also unable to bring suits as plaintiffs in Shariah courts. Noncitizens make up 75% of the workforce yet are discriminat ed against and sometimes mistreated. A constitutional committee convened in 1999 to draft a permanent constitution that would allow for parliamentary elections. Corporal punishment is allowed by law, although amputation is not. In 1995, an American received 90 lashes for alleged homosexual activities. (T)ECHNOLOGY Qatars strength is derived from its oil and gas revenues which have made it one of the wealthiest countries in the world in terms of per capita income. The Government of Qatar has ownership interests in several economic sectors, including oil and gases production, petrochemicals, and the steel and fertilizer industries. Impressive Technology is the main reason for Qatar winning bid for 2022 FIFA world cup.Qatar may not have the largest IT market but in 2010 it appeared better than many other markets. The IT services market is forecast to be the fastest-growing segment of the Qatari IT market between 2010 and 2014, outperforming the hardware and software sectors. Indeed, it has steadily increased for the last 10 years. With IT services spending estimated to grow to US$151mn by 2014, the next period promises to see more opportunities in sectors such as financial services, healthcare, education and communications. Nanotechnology in fields helping to make best quality products at lower c ost. IT companies collaborating to access the market. Inventions and innovation rate. Mechanization trend in the country. (E)NVIRONMENTAL Environmental responsibility is vested in the Ministry of Industry and Agriculture. An Environmental Protection Committee was created in 1984 to monitor environmental problems. Conservation of oil supplies, preservation of the natural wildlife heritage, and increasing the water supply through desalination are high on Qatars environmental priority list. Air, water, and land pollution are also significant environmental issues in Qatar. In addition to smog and acid rain, the nation has been affected by the air pollution generated during the Persian Gulf War. Pollution from the oil industry poses a threat to the nations water. The nations soils have been damaged by pesticides and fertilizers, and its agricultural land is in danger of desertification. Endangered species include the hawksbill turtle, green sea turtle, and white oryx. Limited natural fresh water resources are increasing dependence on large-scale desalination facilities. The State of Qatar is a peninsula located between 24o 27- and 26o 10- N latitude and 50o 45- and 51o 40- E longitude. It is about 180 km long and 85 km wide, covering an area of 11,437 km2. Qatar is surrounded on three sides by the waters of the Arabian Gulf and connected to the south by land to Saudi Arabia. As Qatar is subjected to an arid climate, it mainly possesses an arid soil, with coarse texture, shallow depth and low retention low of soluble substances. (L)EGAL Qatar has a discretionary system of law controlled by the emir, although civil codes are being implemented; Islamic law is significant in personal matters. When contrasted with other Arab states such as Saudi Arabia, for instance, Qatar has comparatively liberal laws, but is still not as liberal as some of its neighbours like UAE or Bahrain. Qatar is a civil law jurisdiction. However, Sharia or Islamic law is applied to aspects of family law, inheritance and certain criminal acts. Women can legally drive in Qatar, whereas they may not in Saudi Arabia and there is a strong emphasis in equality and human rights brought by the HRA. The country has not accepted compulsory International Court of Justice jurisdiction. On February 24, 2010, Qatar and Iran signed a defense co-operation agreement in which the two countries stressed the need to expand their defense cooperation. Iran and Qatar will:- exchange specialized and technical committees expand cooperation in training conduct joint campaigns against terrorism and insecurity in the region March 10, 2010. Qatari Prime Minister Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani has given his support to Irans right to nuclear technology, and considers Irans nuclear project to be for peaceful nuclear energy purposes. ANALYSIS If we evaluate Qatar on the basis of Porters diamond model:- RELATED AND SUPPORTING INDUSTRIES Qatar is one of the richest country of the Arab. Mostly it is dependent on its Oil and Gas resources. It is improving in IT sector and emerging as great threat to many markets because it performed exceptionally well in 2010. Oil and Gas industries are the major industries.Vodafone also entered the telecomm market. FACTOR CONDITION Qatar may look small, but in commercial terms it is a rising giant. This Persian Gulf Emirate is just larger than Connecticut and its population is less than 1 million.But its reform-minded government has ambitious plans to transform this peninsula into an international hub for tourism, finance, and education. U.S. companies interested in international opportunities should consider current trends and future projects in Qatar. CONSIDER THIS Qatar has the third largest reserves of natural gas in the world. Qatars per capita GDP is one the highest in the world at around $30,000. Multi-billion dollar projects in numerous sectors in the coming years. Pro-American business climate and strengthening U.S.-Qatar relations. Business-friendly commercial procedures and political stability. Strong general government balance sheet.Substantial external liquidity.Good economic prospects and high per capita income.There is great optimism and excitement among the business community in Qatar.By transforming hydrocarbon wealth into modern health facilities, tourism infrastructure, and western-style education institutions, the Qatari Government aims to engender a forward-looking and highly-skilled population. The Qatari Government has established credibility among the population and the business community.When plans and projects are announced, they are usually realized, and contracts are awarded in a generally efficient and transparent manner.Qatar is very amenable to western visitors, and security experts consider Qatar to have one of the lowest crime countries on earth. U.S. firms also report that industrial standards that are applied in Qatar are favorable to U.S. exports. Also, Qatar has a stable currency and the country imposes no foreign exchange controls. There are well- capitalized financial institutions in Qatar, most notably Qatar National Bank. Furthermore, Qatar allows up to 100% of foreign ownership in agriculture, manufacturing, health, education, tourism, power, and projects involved in the development and exploitation of natural resources, pending approval from the Qatari Government. DEMAND CONDITION Qatar demand condition is not so good.Qatars trade and hospitality sector expect better demand conditions in the second quarter. Sales volume and new orders seen declining .Most real estate businesses expect a decline in sales.It is the worlds largest LNG exporter of more than 31 million metric tons per year this shows the huge demand for QATARS natural gas in the world. STRATEGY AND RIVALRY Qatar pursues a vigorous program of Qatarization, under which all joint venture industries and government departments strive to move Qatari nationals into positions of greater authority.The biggest rivalry is in telecomm sector between Qtel and Vodafone.

Professionalism and Ethics in Counselling

Professionalism and Ethics in Counselling My understanding of professionalism is having the discipline to be aware of and work to a set of values made up of legal statutes, of professional body frameworks and guidelines and of employer policies, frameworks and guidelines, which together detail expected conduct. Those statutes, policies, frameworks and guidelines should be used to identify roles and responsibilities which in turn define boundaries. The British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP), of which I am a student member, is the largest professional body in the UK for counselling and psychotherapy and lays down what standards of conduct counsellors, service users and the public expect at a national level. If a counsellor or therapist is a member of a professional body, he or she will be bound by a code of professional ethics framework or in the case of the BACP, the ethical framework†¦it recognises that choices are often not clear-cut, and that sometimes difficult decisions need to be made that, even when taken in good faith, may have unpredictable and unwanted outcomes (Merry, 2002:11) Professionalism and ethics both relate to proper conduct. I view the ethical framework as a list of qualities for how the counsellor should be and a list of behaviours for what the counsellor should do and not do. Examples of the desired attitudes include possessing empathy, sincerity, integrity, resilience, respect, humility, competence, fairness, wisdom and courage. Examples of the desired behaviours include fidelity, autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice and self-respect. The BACP produced the ethical framework to protect both the client and counsellor through good practice in counselling and psychotherapy. It sets out a series of professional and personal values, underlying principles and moral qualities which reflect my attributes as a trainee counsellor in order to promote a safe and professional environment, one where I could enable clients to allow trust to develop within our relationship. I abide by the BACP guidance on good practice which is concerned with client safety, counsellor responsibility and accountability, clear contracting and my competence as a trainee counsellor. It provides information for what counsellors are expected to do and sanctions for consequences of malpractice. I have chosen a hypothetical ethical dilemma, albeit a realistic one, relevant to my chosen placement at The Truce YMCA in Lancaster. A sixteen year old female client presents with news of her parents having separated two weeks previously. She lives with her mum who is drinking excessive amounts of alcohol and who is not coping with the day to day duties of looking after the clients nine year old brother, who is now mostly in the clients care. No other meals are being provided other than school dinners and no money is being allocated to them for food. Last night the clients mum pushed the client against the wall and the client has a head injury. The client asks me not to tell anyone. The ethical dilemma here is that my client has disclosed a Child Protection issue and asked me to maintain the confidentiality aspect of the contract. There are several implications, professionally I must breach confidentiality as there would be no way that I could hold that information, my integrity would be conflicted. I would have a professional obligation that would be impossible for me to ignore. However, by breaching confidentiality this could have severe consequences for the client, myself (our relationship), and the clients family. A question I need to ask myself is: What are our statutory duties and responsibilities? We  have a duty under the Children Act 1989 to safeguard and protect children who may be suffering from abuse. This may be physical, sexual, emotional or as a result of neglect http://www.tameside.gov.uk/childprotection/parentinfo#t2 date accessed, 21st April 2010 The YMCA has put together a procedure flow chart and as part of my training I have been made aware of it. It is a clear example of my role, responsibilities and boundaries. Safeguarding means doing everything you can to protect children and young people from harm. A safeguard is a measure to help reduce the risk of children and young people being harmed. http://www.nspcc.org.uk/Inform/trainingandconsultancy/consultancy/cst/safe_communities_toolkit_english_wdf70126.pdf date accessed, 19th April 2010 The disclosure demands to be sensitively, sincerely and respectfully explored in order to honour the principle of non-maleficence because every child matters. As a trainee counsellor I have an ethical responsibility to strive to mitigate any harm caused to a client even when the harm is unavoidable or unintended (BACP, 2007:03) There are several implications: I am aware that the principle of fidelity requires a responsibility to honour the trust that has been placed in me as a trainee counsellor and that how I move the process forward from this point could alter how the client and I may or may not work together in the future. Without confidentiality and empathy there is potential to harm the relationship, and as Bond (1993:46) states that, responsibilities to the client are the foremost concern of the counsellor. The justification of counselling rests on this work being undertaken in a counsellor-client relationship. Where as a trainee counsellor can I find guidance on consent and disclosure? I could check against the BACP guidelines, with my casework supervisor, my managerial supervisor, the agencies codes of practice and policies, my tutors and Social Services. To avoid the possibility of prosecution I need to respect my role and abide by the BACP guidance on good practice which is concerned with client safety, counsellor responsibility and accountability, clear contracting and my competence as a trainee counsellor. Professional accountability is also key in ensuring public protection and allows the Profession to move forward enjoying the public confidence in the services provided http://www.bacp.co.uk/prof_conduct/ 4th February 2010 The principle of beneficence involves acting in the clients best interest and maintaining the standards of competence and knowledge expected for members who continue to both personally and professionally develop by using supervision for support. As I am working within an agency I am expected, as a member of the BACP, to have ongoing regular supervision for my work with a clinical supervisor and with my managerial supervisor. Supervisors, managers and counsellors have a responsibility to maintain and enhance good practice, to protect clients from poor practice (promoting their wellbeing) and for the counsellor to acquire the attitudes, skills and knowledge required for each of their roles raising awareness and ensuring the fair treatment of all clients and the uniqueness of individual people regarding culture differences, gender or disabilities which involves the principle respect of justice. When considering what action to take the first step I would take would be to explore what the client had told me by clarifying what had been said in order to check out my understanding with the client. It is important to identify that there is a problem and if so I would then work out whose problem it was and in this case it would be the clients. Yet I would be responsible to her, myself and accountable up the chain of command within the organisation. By setting the contract provided by The YMCA clearly so that it is understood by the client there is less chance of misunderstandings and more chance of boundaries being clear at the onset. The agreement of a contract protects both the client and the counsellor. It proves that each party has agreed their responsibilities and boundaries and that they each know where they stand in the counselling process in relation to their obligations to each other. I would need to refer back to the initial contract to remind the client about our agreement that would be in place between us. I would have competently explained at the time that should harm to self or others be disclosed to me that I would need to breach confidentiality. I would use appropriate language for a sixteen year old to understand and include her in the process. I would respect the principle of respect for autonomy by discussing the necessity of safeguarding her, protecting her and her younger brother and, with her consent, chec king whether the child protection officer would be available to enter the room to work it through all together by understanding my job roles and responsibilities and working within my training and experience competently I could deliver a professional level of service that promotes safety and both at the same time being fully aware that she has choices and human rights too. Although I could have a conflict of interest in that I would have to breach confidentiality†¦ Human Rights Act 1998 Article 8.1 Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence. Article 8.2 There shall be no interference by a public authority with the exercise of this right except as such as in accordance with the law and is necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security, public safety or the economic well-being of the country, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others (Bond, 2010:158). †¦I would protect myself from litigation as I have a duty to observe the Code of Professional Conduct and the other guidelines issued by the BACP. Not all laws are perfect, the problem is that laws are often generalised and open to some interpretation and thats where they can be exploited. The law regarding sixteen year olds (child versus Gillick competent versus adult) and the obligation of Social Services to look after somebody until eighteen years of age is not black and white. Somebody planning to go to the Dignitas clinic in Switzerland to end their life is within their own rights and it would be an example of a case where a counsellor could respect the clients dignity. At the first available chance I had I would follow the example of a child protection form, from my safeguarding policy and guidelines provided by the organisation and make very clear, accurate, brief, factual notes of who said what, when it was said, where it was said and the nature of the concern. I would bear in mind that the notes could be read by the client herself and if I was required to write a report for court I would be aware that I have not been trained to write such a report and seek advice. According to Pollecoff, et al. (2002:58) Counsellors and psychotherapists are in a unique position when asked to give evidence†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦unlike other professionals, they do not necessarily keep detailed notes of each session held with a client†¦Problems can arise regarding client confidentiality in the context of presenting reports or giving evidence. I would file the notes confidentially and each client has a code to be used for anonymity purposes, store for six months, once the case is closed, then they are destroyed. Bond (2010:158) suggests The Data Protection Act 1998†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦covers a wide range of requirements to do with record-keeping. I would call my case supervisor and I would explain what has happened, what I did (discussed with line manager and or referral to Child Protection Officer etc.) and ask him if there is anything else I should have done or could do. Working within a multi agency can be useful as it can meet the needs of young people more effectively. Confidentiality procedures are in place and consent must be given by the person concerned and must be present when consented information is shared. There are exceptional circumstances. At the same time how I present myself and interact with people (language, appearance, actions and interactions) influence impressions. There are informal expectations and continuing with both professional and personal development (supervision). Questions like What does the BACP say about this? are what I need to ask myself in during my evaluation in order to do the right thing and knowing how important it is to not do the wrong thing because that could cause damage to more than the client in the room. I hope that I have demonstrated that I understand that there is a need to act within the law at all times but in a way that provides as much support and protection as possible towards the client first and foremost, towards myself and towards the organisational structure and the profession itself. It is not always a case of knowing what to do to as an expert, but it seems to be a case of knowing what to do next and who to go to in order to get the answers needed.

Media change Analysis Essay -- Technology, Broadcasting, BBC News, CNN

Introduction: From mid-fifteenth-century, an advance of printing technology (Twyman, 1998), the birth of separate re-usable letters in Europe, brings up a significant change for the media broadcasts . To suit with the change of technology and culture, the form of media is changing rapidly. From verbal to visual, form newspaper to television, it is no doubt to say that changes in media provide so much benefit to us. To share messages ‘real time’ and globally, some new media like news weblogging and youtube are existing in these 10 years because of the mature of internet technology. This paper will discuss how this media called â€Å"internet† will give a dramatically effect and impact to global within these 10 years. The arising of new media: The above figure indicates that users who search BBC news are increasing steadily. The flow of increasing means more and more readers try to read news online. On the other hand, it may bring up a big challenge to the ordinary newspaper because not much reader will watch both of ordinary and web newspaper. The feature of new media: By Online News and the Public (Bruce Garrison, 2004)2, the Palo Alto Weekly in California is credited as the first Web newspaper in 1994. Comparing with ordinary newspaper, online news is providing a more efficiency platform in presenting breaking news in a timelier manner. Reporters can upload the news every time and every where instead of ordinary newspaper, that have to print out. Also, online newspaper can help to decrease costs. Releasing online can eliminated the cost of inventory, printing and transporting. Division between old media and new media: To create a new tend for changing the behavior of readers, new media should have some significantly poi... ...iendly. To keep the quality, creditability and ethic of the online media, some organizations are tries to provide some high standard quality in paid access. Many online audiences expect content to be free, but some news organizations have turned to subscription services or in a paid access. In Hong Kong’s news website, Like the pay area of Young Post of South China Morning post, users have to pay an annual fee to get the access for subscribe the news and some interesting information. Through the paid system, organizations are become more easily to keep the news quality as they have more income to operate and quality control the news. The best way to improve their attitude is build up a good journalistic environment. Through the government promotion and monitoring among media industry, the journalistic environment will bring up so much benefit among media. Media change Analysis Essay -- Technology, Broadcasting, BBC News, CNN Introduction: From mid-fifteenth-century, an advance of printing technology (Twyman, 1998), the birth of separate re-usable letters in Europe, brings up a significant change for the media broadcasts . To suit with the change of technology and culture, the form of media is changing rapidly. From verbal to visual, form newspaper to television, it is no doubt to say that changes in media provide so much benefit to us. To share messages ‘real time’ and globally, some new media like news weblogging and youtube are existing in these 10 years because of the mature of internet technology. This paper will discuss how this media called â€Å"internet† will give a dramatically effect and impact to global within these 10 years. The arising of new media: The above figure indicates that users who search BBC news are increasing steadily. The flow of increasing means more and more readers try to read news online. On the other hand, it may bring up a big challenge to the ordinary newspaper because not much reader will watch both of ordinary and web newspaper. The feature of new media: By Online News and the Public (Bruce Garrison, 2004)2, the Palo Alto Weekly in California is credited as the first Web newspaper in 1994. Comparing with ordinary newspaper, online news is providing a more efficiency platform in presenting breaking news in a timelier manner. Reporters can upload the news every time and every where instead of ordinary newspaper, that have to print out. Also, online newspaper can help to decrease costs. Releasing online can eliminated the cost of inventory, printing and transporting. Division between old media and new media: To create a new tend for changing the behavior of readers, new media should have some significantly poi... ...iendly. To keep the quality, creditability and ethic of the online media, some organizations are tries to provide some high standard quality in paid access. Many online audiences expect content to be free, but some news organizations have turned to subscription services or in a paid access. In Hong Kong’s news website, Like the pay area of Young Post of South China Morning post, users have to pay an annual fee to get the access for subscribe the news and some interesting information. Through the paid system, organizations are become more easily to keep the news quality as they have more income to operate and quality control the news. The best way to improve their attitude is build up a good journalistic environment. Through the government promotion and monitoring among media industry, the journalistic environment will bring up so much benefit among media.

The change in enthalpy for the combustion of magnesium metal Essay exam

The change in enthalpy for the combustion of magnesium metal Abstract ======== Hess’s law of heat summation states that the value of DH for a reaction is the same whether it occurs directly or as a series of steps. This principle was used to determine the change in enthalpy for a highly exothermic reaction, the combustion of magnesium metal. Enthalpy changes for the reactions of Mg in HCl (aq) and MgO (s) in HCl (aq) were determined experimentally, then added to that for the combustion of hydrogen gas to arrive at a value of –587 kJ/mol Mg. Compared with the accepted value of –601.8 kJ/mol Mg, our experimental error was 2.46%. Introduction In this investigation the change in enthalpy will be determined from the following equation: 2Mg + O2  ® 2MgO, but in an indirect manner. Magnesium metal burns with a bright extremely hot flame to produce magnesium oxide. It would be difficult to measure the heat of the reaction since the reaction is rapid and occurs at a high temperature (LeMay et al, 1996). So, to determine the change in enthalpy we will employ Hess’s Law of heat summation: It states that the value of DH for a reaction is the same whether it occurs directly or as a series of steps (LeMay et al, 1996). We will perform the two following reactions: Mg + 2HCl  ® MgCl2 + H2 and MgO + 2HCl  ® MgCl2 + H2O, determine their enthalpy changes (DHs), and they will then be â€Å"added† to that of a given equation, the combustion of water, H2 + 1/2 O2  ® H2O DH=-285.5 kJ/mol. In this investigation we will be working with potentially dangerous chemicals and safety precautions must be made. Magnesium oxide is a respiratory and eye irritant, the dust must not be inhaled and all work with MgO should be conducted in the fume hood ( Cartwright,... ...te, only having a 2.46% error. These errors may be accounted for by inaccurate measurements, mathematical mistakes, incomplete reactions, poor heat collection, incorrect recording of data, and poorly calibrated tools. To avoid such error one should label all materials, check each tool before use, take extra care in reading and recording of measurements, double check all calculations, and most of all be patient, labs take time and a rushed procedure leads to inaccurate data and incorrect analysis. Sources Cited Cartwright, H.(last revised 2002, November 5). Chemical and other Safety Information. The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University. [online]. (accessed 2002, December, 4) LeMay, H.E.,Beall, H., Roblee, K.M., and Brower, D.C. (1996).Chemistry: Connections to our changing world, Laboratory Manual. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. The change in enthalpy for the combustion of magnesium metal Essay exam The change in enthalpy for the combustion of magnesium metal Abstract ======== Hess’s law of heat summation states that the value of DH for a reaction is the same whether it occurs directly or as a series of steps. This principle was used to determine the change in enthalpy for a highly exothermic reaction, the combustion of magnesium metal. Enthalpy changes for the reactions of Mg in HCl (aq) and MgO (s) in HCl (aq) were determined experimentally, then added to that for the combustion of hydrogen gas to arrive at a value of –587 kJ/mol Mg. Compared with the accepted value of –601.8 kJ/mol Mg, our experimental error was 2.46%. Introduction In this investigation the change in enthalpy will be determined from the following equation: 2Mg + O2  ® 2MgO, but in an indirect manner. Magnesium metal burns with a bright extremely hot flame to produce magnesium oxide. It would be difficult to measure the heat of the reaction since the reaction is rapid and occurs at a high temperature (LeMay et al, 1996). So, to determine the change in enthalpy we will employ Hess’s Law of heat summation: It states that the value of DH for a reaction is the same whether it occurs directly or as a series of steps (LeMay et al, 1996). We will perform the two following reactions: Mg + 2HCl  ® MgCl2 + H2 and MgO + 2HCl  ® MgCl2 + H2O, determine their enthalpy changes (DHs), and they will then be â€Å"added† to that of a given equation, the combustion of water, H2 + 1/2 O2  ® H2O DH=-285.5 kJ/mol. In this investigation we will be working with potentially dangerous chemicals and safety precautions must be made. Magnesium oxide is a respiratory and eye irritant, the dust must not be inhaled and all work with MgO should be conducted in the fume hood ( Cartwright,... ...te, only having a 2.46% error. These errors may be accounted for by inaccurate measurements, mathematical mistakes, incomplete reactions, poor heat collection, incorrect recording of data, and poorly calibrated tools. To avoid such error one should label all materials, check each tool before use, take extra care in reading and recording of measurements, double check all calculations, and most of all be patient, labs take time and a rushed procedure leads to inaccurate data and incorrect analysis. Sources Cited Cartwright, H.(last revised 2002, November 5). Chemical and other Safety Information. The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University. [online]. (accessed 2002, December, 4) LeMay, H.E.,Beall, H., Roblee, K.M., and Brower, D.C. (1996).Chemistry: Connections to our changing world, Laboratory Manual. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Facebook and Student Essay

People use Facebook for many reasons; some of them consider it the vehicle to communicate with their friends, including old friends or current friends; some agree that it also helps them relax when they are stressful; others, on the other hand, might argue that Facebook brings distractions to them (Facebook 101). For instance, my friend, a quite person, did not socialize with people in both real life and in the Internet community. However, after knowing Facebook in a short period of time, he became addicted to it. He used most of his time to chat with friends, to play games, and to stare at his Facebook profile. Now, his friends list comes up to 300 and he daily logs on Facebook from 3 to 4 hours a day. Hopefully, this research of our group will help college students get better understanding of the role of Facebook in students’ lives. Moreover, not only students in general but also people of all ages will gain their cognitive of the advantages and disadvantages of Facebook. The research will benefit reader to determine whether Facebook is good or bad for human being. Furthermore, if people use it as a habit or want to check of how frequently they use it, they could apply this research as an important source to figure out whether they are addicted to Facebook or not, or where they are in the rank. Hypotheses: Our research paper is mainly focused on the impacts of Facebook on BHCC students. The effects will be discussed on both negative and positive sides of Facebook. First of all, we predict that Facebook will mostly bring negative effects on students and employees. If they use it so repeatedly, they might be addicted and cause distractions in working or studying. This is already proved in the story of my friend. Secondly, because of the separation of geographies or busy life, people tend to talk less and type more in this modern life. So, we also want to check it out of how many percentages that Facebook occupies our private lives. The last assumption will mention about privacy threat on Facebook. On the other hand, besides of its negative, our group wants to observe how people use Facebook effectively since it is the most useful communication tool to most people. Research Method: Our research was done with the survey format of 22 questions. We developed questions with many concerns about Facebook. All the questions were related directly to our purposes, which are substitution of social life, distractions to school/work, privacy theft, and communication tool. Approximately each category will cover from 4 to 5 questions to get into deep understanding of the aspects. Each of the questions shows the list of answers for participants to demonstrate their thoughts. When we provide the survey to participants, we are not stay close to them to make sure that they could feel comfortable when filling the questions. We are not going to record any participants’ names and to remain them anonymous. To do that, we could get the answers honestly and that would serve the expectation of our group. Participants and Procedure: Our group met several times for the research very carefully to discuss what we would do for the plan. First, we decided to work on Facebook but it was such the general issue for us whether to go on its good or bad sides. Properly, many college students just see advantage sides but they do not perspective of its side effects. Hence, we combined both sides, and decided that we would concentrate more on the negative effects of Facebook. After gathering all the questions of each member, we filtered and arranged them in order in the survey. To collect and choose which questions are suitable for out hypotheses, it took us almost two weeks to come up with all agreements. Understanding that people are hesitating to help our research, the reasons are vary as they are in rush, they are lazy, or even they do not want to listen to what we talking about. Furthermore, we targeted on BHCC’s college student, so we finally chose to go to the BHCC’s library or started with our other classmates to get the results. Moreover, we provided our team members spent a week conducting the survey to ensure that they could do the project thoroughly. Especially, we already created Facebook group account for our members to share, to debate, and to discuss and make sure we were on the right track. Surprisingly, the results came out our pleasure: BHCC’s students were eager and happy to help us when asked to fill out with Facebook questions. However, very few numbers of participants answer our  survey quickly and unready, so we already ignore those minorities. Data Results and Analysis: Our group had a total of 162 surveys, which were added by all of our group members. In our last question we asking people about â€Å"What would you rather describe Facebook as?†, and the result did not surprise us, we already knew that as an assumption. More than half of our participants –118 out of 162 or 73 percent of total result– consented that Facebook as a useful communication too. Some of them added that they used Facebook to communicate with friends and families, to share pictures, videos, status and information, or to kill time if bored; therefore, most of them choose to pick its good side as an answer. The last 27 percent, 44 of 162, chose â€Å"a powerful distraction† as the result (Figure 1). As you can see on the chart (Figure 2), it can explain why three-fourth of our participants prefers Facebook as useful tool (Figure 1). There are so many ways to use Facebook that suite with people interests. The majority of participants use Facebook to check mail, to chat, to communicate, and to update friends’ information as 97 of 497 (19%), 80 of 497 (16%), 75 of 497 (15%), and 62 of 497 (13%) respectively. Besides that, 4% users also log in Facebook for playing games/quizzes, and 9% use it for relaxing when bored. It is interesting that there are a small number of participants – 11 students, approximately 2% in total – choose Facebook as a studying tool. As we mention above, Facebook is also distractive at work and school, and the statistic already proved this. 56 percentages – slightly above half of the percentages — access to Facebook at home, 21 percentages and 4 percentages do that at work and school. The rest 19 percentages access by cell phones; even though we do not know exactly where they use them, we indicate they are not properly use them at home. (Figure 3) According to the results from survey, we divided this bar chart into two categories: addicted group and non-addicted group. The first group includes many times/day, more than 2 hours/day, 1-2 hours/day, and 3-5 hours/week. The other is 1-2 hours/week and less than an hour/week. Both groups have  nearly equal balance about 50 percent each; therefore, we could have more trustful information and it is not bias. (Figure 4) After all, we conclude BHCC’s students are not really addicted on Facebook. They contribute equally in both studying/working and relaxing on Facebook. We agree that Facebook right now is the most popular use in the world and it is on the way growing up, yet it still cannot replace other multimedia communications like phones in general, instant messengers, and in direct with person. In the figure 5, Facebook occupies the smallest percentage in the pie chart with 17%. The next two common ways of communicating with friends are using instant messengers like Yahoo, AIM, MSN, or Skype (19%), and socializing with friend face to face (18%). Absolutely, instant messengers and in person have theirs advantages in communication because we can listen and talk simultaneously, or even we can see our partner faces by webcams. The largest percentage is using phones which are 46%. They are still the most familiar way to exchange all the time by talking and texting. We assume that because of its lack of â€Å"live† features like those above, Facebook still cannot be a substitution in personal life. Figure 6 and figure 7 show us â€Å"How many friends are there in participant friend’s list?†, and â€Å"With how many out of your Facebook friends do you frequently communicate?† People tent to protect their privacies by having fewer friends than ever on Facebook, 53 percentages and 35 percentages are chosen to have less than 100 friends and from 100 to 200 friends in friends’ list (Figure 6). In there, 25% and 50% is the most common rank to contact with friends on friends’ list, approximately 52 percentages. The next best option is less than 25% with 31 percentages (Figure 7). Our results in the survey proved that people do not really want to socialize usually on Facebook; they just need Facebook to relax, not the place for them to put their personal information. In the next graph will show how Facebook users think of privacy when using it. (Figure 8) More than half of our respondents do not want to add unknown people as friends, about 70% (Figure 8). This could be explained, if they add them as friends, they do not contact with them on Facebook, according to figure 7. Generally speaking, people do not want to express themselves on social network. Conclusion: The result of doing this survey gives us better interpretation of how a social network could affect on people life. Especially BHCC’s students, they adopt and love Facebook’s features, but they could still control their time spending on it. Therefore, most of the students consider Facebook a helpful tool to socialize with others. Even though Facebook is good for students to communicate with other people and make their social life happier, sometimes, Facebook appears to be a distraction to their study and private life. Using Facebook too much can make student exhausted and also affect their health badly. In addition, it is important to realize that Facebook is only an online tool, and it cannot replace human being’s activities. Students should allocate their time spending on studying, socializing, and using Facebook effectively, so that they can balance their real life and their online life to avoid being distracted by any network. Limitation: Even our team has done with the research, but it still has limitations when doing this. Due to the lack of processing time and missing experience in each member of us, we extend more time on choosing questions, or picking for secondary research, and then filtering the result as well. The amount of seven weeks seems not enough for us to accomplish a professional research as others. In addition, funding is also significant too. Because we did have any fund for the research, so we mainly focus on BHCC college’s students and limit on the number of respondents. In our questionnaires, we would want to ask more questions about how distractive in performance of workers and students at Bunker Hill Community College, and we desire to collect more information from school staffs and professors. However, our results from the participants are appropriated because of respondent’s excitements and their honest answers. We are glad that they did cooperate very well with us. Works Cited N.p., n.d. â€Å"Facebook- The Complete Biography† Web. 13 May 2010. . â€Å"Facebook 101: Ten Things You Need to Know About Facebook.† EBSCOhost. Ed. Thomas Krivak. Information Today Inc. 2010. Web. 01 May 2010 .

Kimberly McCullough

Kimberly McCullough Colorado Christian UniversityCollege of Adult and Graduate StudiesBUS-301A, Business FinanceProfessor MurphyApril 18, 2018 Analyzing Your Financial RatiosIn Chapter Case â€Å"Question 1. I will provide, the current ratio measures a company's ability to pay short-term obligations. The quick ratio of S;S, which is an indicator of a company's short-term liquidity. be sure to show your work in calculating the ratios including the ratios of the company. (In Chapter 3, page 8, Finkler, S. 2017). When it comes to their financial planning at S & S Air, Inc their financial manager will be able to understand. In Chapter Case 1, with S&S Air, Inc. with this business working capital management they must work with certain banks about their contribution to their goals and their success in their business. S&S Air, Inc.2016 Income Statement S&S Air. Inc.2016 Balance Sheet Light Airplane Industry Ratios Capital Budgeting The case study presents two corporations (A and B) with different revenue values and expenses as well as variable depreciation expenses, tax rates and discount rates. When it comes to my mom and dad's business applying suitable expenditure controls to ensure that investments outlays conform with. When it comes to capital budgeting my parent's business they are determining the viability to long-term investments on purchase or replacement of property. (Dlabay, L. 2008, Chapter 3, pg.12-13)Ratios and Financial Planning at S&S Air, Inc.†Calculations Chapter Case â€Å"Conch Republic Electronics†Conch Republic Electronics is a midsized electronics manufacturer located in Key West, Florida. The company president is Shelley Conc, who inherited the company. When it was founded over 70 years ago, the company originally repaired radios and other household appliances. Over the years, the company expanded into manufacturing and is now a reputable manufacturer of various electronic items. Before launching a new series, the company need to go through the following steps as to ensure a smooth production of this new series. 1.1 10 Steps Before Launching New ProductsAs a business grows the question of the introducing new products/services arises. Launching new products/services means taking risks and managing change. Growth and change must be managed at the same time as on-going business operations. Maintaining momentum is challenging for small businesses with limited resources. (Mayo, H. 2017). QuestionsWhat is the payback period of the project?What is the profitability index of the project?What is the IRR of the project?What is the NPV of the project?All the cases are Excel-based?First, The Cost of Research & Development Second, for them to calculate networking capital for the next first two years their new smart phone company their smartphones prices generate erosion cost (negative side effect) to the existing smart phone. The loss from the total revenue of existing smart phone. The net incremental revenue of new smart phone is equal to the total revenue of new smart phone minus the total revenue loss from the existing smart phone.The Revenue Loss of Existing Smart Phone Comes from Two Parts.Part one: the sales units will be reduced, and the original price revenue on these sales unites will be gone (the sales units of the existing smart phone will fall by 30,000 units per year, and the price of the existing smart phone is $380 per unit). Part Two: In Conch Republic Electronics finding of the sensitivity of change in quantity of the remaining units will be sold at a lower price (the price of the existing units will have to be lowered to $ 210 each), and the price difference is a source of revenue. Take First Year for Example: The calculation of net incremental revenue of the second year is like the first year. Starting from the third year, there is no revenue loss of existing smart phone attributed by the new smart phone, because the production of the existing smart phone is terminated. The incremental revenue is just the revenue of new smart phone. (Brigham, E. 2016, Chapter 5 pg. 9-10)Third, when it comes to In Conch Republic Electronics cost they had to take their profitability and their credit worthiness. As a smartphone company they know that knowing the cost of capital it can make better decisions on its future investments and other such financing options. (Midgley, K. & Burns, R. 1997) The calculation of net variable cost of the second year is like the first year. Starting from the third year, there is no variable cost decrease of new smart phone. The net variable cost is just the variable cost of new smart phone.Four, when it comes to Conch Republic Electronics company they have to consider regarding asset acquisitions in other investments brought. Because it is a smartphone company calculating the fixed cost is just new smart phone's fixed cost. Chapter Case â€Å"Stephenson Real Estate Recapitalization† In this report I will be discussing the work in an AJD real estate office from different aspects: Market surveying, the standard operating procedures that be followed in the market, suggestions to improve the work of AJD office. (Huber, W. 2009, Chapter 5, pg. 10-12)1.2 Definitions:Real estate is â€Å"Property consisting of land and the buildings on it, along with its natural resources such as crops, minerals, or water; immovable property of this nature; an interest vested in this; (also) an item of real property; (more generally) buildings or housing in general. Also: the business of real estate; the profession of buying, selling, or renting land, buildings or housing. It is a legal term used in most of the formal deals in this field. (Davis, M. 2012, Chapter 5, pg. 2-10)†Stephenson Real Estate Recapitalization†In order for Stephenson's Real Estate recapitalization they have to effectively recapitalizing the companies by increasing the proportion of debt in the capital structure. Since Stephenson is an all-equity firm with 15 million shares of common stock outstanding, worth $35.20 per share, the market value of the firm is $528 million (= 15 million shares * $35.20 per share). Stephenson's market-value balance sheet before the announcement of the land purchase is:Because of the purchase, the firm's pre-tax earnings will increase by $27 million per year in perpetuity. These earnings are taxed at a rate of 40%. Therefore, after taxes, the purchase increases the annual expected earnings of the firm by $16.2 million {($27 million) (1 – 0.40)}. (Peiser, R. & Hamilton, D. 2012) Therefore, the net present value of the land purchase is $19.6 million.After the announcement, the value of Stephenson will increase by $19.6 million, the net present value of the purchase. Under the efficient-market hypothesis, the market value of the firm's equity will immediately rise to reflect the NPV of the project. Therefore, the market value of Stephenson's equity will be $547.6 million (= $528 million + $19.6 million) after the firm's announcement.Assessments and Measures Direct Versus Indirect Measures of AssessmentThe difference between direct and indirect measures of student learning has taken on new importance as accrediting agencies such as WASC have required the use of direct measures to be the primary source of evidence. Indirect measures may serve only as supporting evidence. (Linneman, P. 2010)Embedded and Add-On AssessmentEmbedded assessments are tasks that are integrated into specific courses. They usually involve classroom assessment techniques but are designed to collect specific information on program learning outcomes. (Claus, F. 2009)ConclusionWhat I have learned? This subject gave me an overview of key marketing concepts and techniques as they apply in a variety of organizations and in both conventional and online environments. Also, this subject helped me to develop my knowledge and understanding of the core role of marketing in determining the growth potential.ReferencesRoss, S., Westerfield, R., & Jordan, B. (2017). Essentials of Corporate Finance (9th ed.). Dlabay, Les (2008) Business Finance (1st Editio) Finkler, Steven (2017) Finance & Accounting for Nonfinancial Managers (5th Edition) Book – Softcover Mayo, B. Herbert (2017) Basic Finance: An Introduction to Financial Institutions, Investments, and Management Brigham, F. Eugene (2016) Fundamentals of Financial Management (14th ed.) Publisher: Cengage Learning Huber, Wait (2009) Real Estate Finance – (7th edition) Davis, Maria (2009) Accounting for Real Estate Transactions: A Guide for Public Accountants and Corporate Financial Professionals 2nd Edition Peiser, Richard & Hamilton, David (2012) Professional Real Estate Development: The ULI Guide to the Business Linneman, Peter (2010) Real Estate Finance & Investments: Risks and Opportunities Clauss, J. Frances (2009) Corporate Financial Analysis with Microsoft Excel Midgley, Kevin & Burns, G. Ronald (1979) Business Finance and the Capital Marketn.